Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Article Title: Pneumococcal membrane particles promote serotype-independent cellular and humoral immunity and protect against pneumococcal colonization

doi: 10.1073/pnas.2537226123

Figure Lengend Snippet: T4 MP immunization promotes a mucosal serotype-independent antigen-specific Th17 response. C57BL/6 mice were intranasally immunized with either PBS, or 10 µg T4 MP in the absence of adjuvant on day 0 and day 14 before samples were collected for analysis on day 21. ( A ) Representative histograms and ( B ) percentage of RORγt and T-bet expression by activated polyclonal CD4 + T cells in the lungs of immunized mice. Lung single cell suspensions were generated and restimulated with heat killed S. pneumoniae of the stated serotype. Representative ( C ) flow cytometry plots of and ( D ) total number of antigen-specific IL-17A and IFNγ producing CD44 + CD4 + T cells, following stimulation with T4 bacteria. ( E ) Lung cells and ( F ) splenocytes were stimulated for 3 d with the stated serotype or media control, before secreted IL-17 was quantified in the supernatant. Representative ( G ) flow cytometry plots and ( H ) percentage of TRM CD4 + T cells in the lungs ( Left ) and spleen ( Right ) of immunized and control mice. Representative ( I ) flow cytometry plot and ( J ) percentage of IL-17 + , IL-17 + IFNγ + , and IFNγ + lung TRM CD4 + T cells in T4 MP immunized mice, following restimulation with PMA and ionomycin in the presence of brefeldin A. Error bars represent SEM and * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; and **** P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: For analysis of the CD4 + T cell response by flow cytometry, PBMC were stimulated for 20 h with either 10 μg/mL MP or recombinant protein with the addition of Brefeldin A in the final 3 h. For TLR2 inhibition, cells were incubated with 100 μM TL2-C29 (InVivoGen) for 3 h before stimulation with MP or recombinant protein for either 5 d or 20 h.

Techniques: Adjuvant, Expressing, Single Cell, Generated, Flow Cytometry, Bacteria, Control

Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Article Title: Pneumococcal membrane particles promote serotype-independent cellular and humoral immunity and protect against pneumococcal colonization

doi: 10.1073/pnas.2537226123

Figure Lengend Snippet: MP derived MalX and PrsA drive the local and systemic Th17 response. C57BL/6 mice were intranasally immunized with either PBS, 10 µg T4Δ pspA MP, or 10 µg T4Δ pspA Δ malX Δ prsA MP in the absence of adjuvant on day 0 and day 14 before lung and spleen samples were collected for analysis on day 21. Representative flow cytometry histogram with ( A ) percentage and ( B ) total number of RORγt and T-bet expressing lung polyclonal CD4 + T cells. ( C ) Lung cells and ( D ) splenocytes isolated from mice after immunization were incubated with either media control, or 5 µg/mL of T4 MP, recombinant MalX, or recombinant PrsA for 3 d before secreted IL-17 was quantified. Quantification of antigen-specific IL-17 secretion from ( E ) lung cells or ( F ) splenocytes following 3 d of stimulation with heat-killed bacteria of stated serotype or media control. Error bars represent SEM and * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; and **** P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: For analysis of the CD4 + T cell response by flow cytometry, PBMC were stimulated for 20 h with either 10 μg/mL MP or recombinant protein with the addition of Brefeldin A in the final 3 h. For TLR2 inhibition, cells were incubated with 100 μM TL2-C29 (InVivoGen) for 3 h before stimulation with MP or recombinant protein for either 5 d or 20 h.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Adjuvant, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Isolation, Incubation, Control, Recombinant, Bacteria

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Nanoengineered-based delivery systems to modulate CD4 + T cell responses in cancer: emerging paradigms in cancer immunotherapy

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1643791

Figure Lengend Snippet: Differentiation and functions of CD4 + T-cell subsets in response to antigenic stimuli.

Article Snippet: Personalized mRNA vaccines (e.g., Moderna’s mRNA-4157) encoding patient-specific neoantigens induce polyfunctional CD4 + T-cell responses.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Nanoengineered-based delivery systems to modulate CD4 + T cell responses in cancer: emerging paradigms in cancer immunotherapy

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1643791

Figure Lengend Snippet: Role of CD4 + T Cells in enhancing cancer immunotherapy strategies.

Article Snippet: Personalized mRNA vaccines (e.g., Moderna’s mRNA-4157) encoding patient-specific neoantigens induce polyfunctional CD4 + T-cell responses.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Nanoengineered-based delivery systems to modulate CD4 + T cell responses in cancer: emerging paradigms in cancer immunotherapy

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1643791

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic representation of a nanoformulation-based drug delivery system targeting CD4 + T-cells.

Article Snippet: Personalized mRNA vaccines (e.g., Moderna’s mRNA-4157) encoding patient-specific neoantigens induce polyfunctional CD4 + T-cell responses.

Techniques: